To investigate why, between 20, I did field work in congregations in Arizona (a Republican dominated state) and California (a state with strong Democratic Party influence). It has led to persistent theorizing that religions, including Christianity, are about to intervene in a way that will alter the political situation and increase public demand for climate change action and environmental protection generally. Religious forms of environmental advocacy started emerging in the United States in the 1990s, seemingly within all branches of American Christianity, creating hope, both among these emerging movements and among secular environmental advocacy groups, that this would bring new constituencies to bear, constituencies with the moral authority to make ethical demands for environmental protection. Through key ancient texts we shall follow the rise and fall of this political experiment, and examine the social and economic forces that led to the establishment and gradual corruption of Athenian democracy. Though the city endured as an independent democracy until the conquest of Greece in 338 by Philip of Macedon (father of Alexander the Great), its defeat in the Peloponnesian War marked the end of the Athenian Golden Age. Athenian expansionism finally forced Sparta to lead a coalition against her rival (The Peloponnesian War, 431–404). But independent popular rule in Athens-the focus of this class-lasted for less than two centuries, during which the city, after playing a leading role in the liberation of Greece from foreign control (The Persian Wars, 490–479 BC), grew into an Empire that imposed democracy on its subjects-some willing and others not-as a means of enriching and empowering itself. It is natural, after nearly two-and-a-half centuries, to think of our democracy as unshakeable and eternal. Course Description: America's founders, when establishing our political institutions, took elements from those of ancient Athens and Rome, which pioneered representative government in various (and changing) forms. Syllabus and Reading Schedule for The Rise and Fall of Popular Rule-Athens (Integrated Humanities Program, History Module, Fall 2018, UVM).
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